Sucrose (lab grade) — 500 g

The primary carbon and energy source for heterotrophic plant cells in tissue culture. Use molecular- or analytical-grade sucrose at 20–30 g/L (2–3%). Sucrose is hydrolyzed to glucose and fructose by plant invertases and during autoclaving. Lower concentrations (15 g/L) suit photomixotrophic cultures under high light; higher concentrations (40–60 g/L) promote somatic embryo maturation and osmotic stress conditioning.